1. Forces Acting at a Point
- Vector Representation: Mathematical tracking of force vectors in 2D and 3D spaces.
- Resultants: Parallelogram, triangle, and polygon laws of forces to resolve multiple forces into a single resultant vector.
- Lami’s Theorem: Analyzing the equilibrium of three concurrent, coplanar forces.
2. Coplanar Forces and Parallel Forces
- Varignon’s Theorem: Principles of moments and their algebraic sum acting on a body.
- Couples: Vector properties of two equal, opposite, and parallel forces acting along distinct lines.
- Reduction: Reducing a system of coplanar forces to a single resultant force and a single couple.
3. Center of Gravity (CG)
- Centroids: Mathematical methods for finding the center of mass/gravity of simple geometric shapes (lines, arcs, areas).
- Integration Methods: Utilizing calculus to solve for the center of gravity of composite bodies and curved lamina.
4. Friction
- Laws of Friction: Static, limiting, and kinetic friction coefficients.
- Applications: Equilibrium analysis of rigid bodies resting on rough inclined planes, ladder friction problems, and wedge mechanics.
5. Virtual Work
- Principle of Virtual Work: Using displacement variations (δ w = 0) to solve equilibrium problems without calculating internal constraint forces.
- Application: Determining structural configurations for multi-link frameworks and expanding systems.
6. Equilibrium and Stability
- Conditions of Equilibrium: Ensuring the total summation of forces and moments equates to zero (Σ F = 0, Σ M = 0).
- Stability Testing: Utilizing potential energy methods (V) to classify equilibrium configurations into stable, unstable, or neutral states.
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