Major Topics Covered in Modern Indian History
- Decline of the Mughals
- Internal political decay and wars of succession.
- Rise of regional autonomous states (Bengal, Awadh, Marathas).
- British Colonial Expansion
- Mercantilism and the East India Company’s trade monopoly.
- Battle of Plassey (1757) and Battle of Buxar (1764).
- Annexation policies like Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
- Economic Impact of British Rule
- Land revenue systems (Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari).
- Commercialization of agriculture and recurring severe famines.
- De-industrialization of traditional Indian handicraft industries.
- Dadabhai Naoroji’s “Drain of Wealth” economic critique theory.
- Social and Religious Reform Movements
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj.
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s widow remarriage campaigns.
- Jyotirao Phule and anti-caste movements in Western India.
- Swami Vivekananda and the Ramakrishna Mission revival.
- Early Uprisings and Resentment
- Tribal revolts (Santhal Rebellion, Munda Rebellion).
- Peasant uprisings against landlords and British indigo planters.
- Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny) causes and strategic failures.
- Shift of administration from Company to the British Crown.
- Rise of Indian Nationalism
- Foundation of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885.
- Moderate phase demands for constitutional administrative reforms.
- Extremist phase leaders (Lal-Bal-Pal) pushing for Swadeshi.
- Partition of Bengal (1905) and subsequent mass boycots.
- The Gandhian Era (1915–1947)
- Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad Satyagrahas (early local victories).
- Rowlatt Act protests and Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919).
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) and Civil Disobedience (1930).
- Quit India Movement (1942) demanding immediate British exit.
- Independence and Partition
- Growth of communal politics and the Two-Nation Theory.
- Impact of World War II on British imperial control.
- Cabinet Mission Plan and Mountbatten Plan negotiations.
- Indian Independence Act (1947) creating India and Pakistan.
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