1. Hydrology (জলবিজ্ঞান)
- The Hydrological Cycle: Systems, inputs, outputs, and processes like precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and surface runoff.
- River Basins & Drainage: Characteristics of river basins, morphometric analysis, and factors controlling river discharge.
- Groundwater & Aquifers: Occurrence, movement, and types of aquifers, alongside groundwater recharge and exploration.
- Hydro-Meteorological Extremes: Causes, management, and impacts of floods and droughts, with a focus on regional contexts.
2. Oceanography (সমুদ্রবিজ্ঞান)
- Ocean Bottom Topography: Relief features of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, including continental shelves, slopes, and trenches.
- Physical & Chemical Properties: Distribution of sea surface temperature, density, and ocean salinity.
- Ocean Dynamics: Mechanics behind the formation of surface tides, waves, and global wind-driven or thermohaline ocean currents.
- Marine Ecosystems & Resources: Coral reef formations (types and theories), marine biomes, and the management of biotic/abiotic marine resources.
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