1. General Microbiology & Bacteriology
- Historical Milestones: Contributions of pioneering scientists like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, along with the germ theory of disease.
- Bacterial Cytology & Taxonomy: Cellular anatomy of prokaryotes (cell wall, flagella, endospores) and methods of classification.
- Microbial Physiology & Nutrition: Requirements for cell replication, metabolic pathways, and the phases of the bacterial growth curve.
- Sterilization & Culture: Methods of heat, filtration, or chemical control, alongside techniques for cultivating pure isolation strains.
2. Virology & Mycology
- Viral Structure & Replication: Physical characteristics of naked and enveloped viruses, plus the Baltimore classification scheme.
- Bacteriophages: Life cycles of T-phages (lytic vs. lysogenic pathways).
- Sub-viral Agents: Core pathologies associated with simpler replicating units such as prions and viroids.
- Fungi: Overviews of molds, yeasts, and medically or industrially important fungi.
3. Immunology Foundations
- Innate Immunity: Primary anatomical barriers (skin, mucous membranes) and basic inflammatory or phagocytic defenses.
- Adaptive Immunity: Specific target recognition facilitated by T-cells (cell-mediated) and B-cells (humoral antibody production).
- Antigens & Immunoglobulins: Structure and functions of antibody classes, active binding properties, and hypersensitivity.
- The Complement System: Cascade mechanisms governing standard pathogen clearance.
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