1. Qualitative Analysis of Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates: Identification tests including Molisch’s, Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, Seliwanoff’s, and Osazone formation.
- Proteins and Amino Acids: Color reactions such as Biuret, Ninhydrin, Xanthoproteic, Millon’s, and Sakaguchi tests.
- Lipids: Solubility tests, emulsification, saponification, and detection of cholesterol.
2. Quantitative Estimation (Clinical Biochemistry)
- Blood Chemistry: Key medical testing procedures including Blood Glucose estimation, Blood Urea, and Serum Bilirubin.
- Serum Proteins: Colorimetric quantification using Biuret and Lowry’s methods along with A:G (Albumin to Globulin) ratio analysis.
- Excretory Markers: Serum Creatinine and Uric acid level diagnostics.
3. Urine Analysis
- Normal Constituents: Verification of organic (urea, uric acid, creatinine) and inorganic (chlorides, sulfates, phosphates) compounds.
- Abnormal/Pathological Constituents: Screening for clinical anomalies like Proteinuria (albumin), Glycosuria (glucose), Ketonuria (ketone bodies), and Hematuria (blood).
4. Biophysical and Clinical Principles
- Laboratory Essentials: Standard operating principles for pH meters, buffers, colorimeters, and spectrophotometers.
- Normal Laboratory Values: A dedicated section summarizing updated clinical metrics and reference intervals for rapid diagnostic cross-referencing.
5. Exam Viva Voce Prep
- Structured Question-and-Answer formats mapping theory concepts directly to practical laboratory applications.
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